MIME类型

MIME 类型
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 是描述消息内容类型的标准，用来表示文档、文件或字节流的性质和格式。
MIME 消息能包含文本、图像、音频、视频以及其他应用程序专用的数据。
浏览器通常使用 MIME 类型（而不是文件扩展名）来确定如何处理URL，因此 We b服务器在响应头中添加正确的 MIME 类型非常重要。如果配置不正确，浏览器可能会无法解析文件内容，网站将无法正常工作，并且下载的文件也会被错误处理。
语法
MIME 类型通用结构：
type/subtype
MIME 的组成结构非常简单，由类型与子类型两个字符串中间用 / 分隔而组成，不允许有空格。type 表示可以被分多个子类的独立类别，subtype 表示细分后的每个类型。
MIME类型对大小写不敏感，但是传统写法都是小写。
两种主要的 MIME 类型在默认类型中扮演了重要的角色：

text/plain 表示文本文件的默认值。

application/octet-stream 表示所有其他情况的默认值。

常见的 MIME 类型

超文本标记语言文本 .html、.html：text/html

普通文本 .txt： text/plain
RTF 文本 .rtf： application/rtf
GIF 图形 .gif： image/gif
JPEG 图形 .jpeg、.jpg： image/jpeg
au 声音文件 .au： audio/basic
MIDI 音乐文件 mid、.midi： audio/midi、audio/x-midi
RealAudio 音乐文件 .ra、.ram： audio/x-pn-realaudio
MPEG 文件 .mpg、.mpeg： video/mpeg
AVI 文件 .avi： video/x-msvideo
GZIP 文件 .gz： application/x-gzip
TAR 文件 .tar： application/x-tar

类型
描述
典型示例

text
表明文件是普通文本，理论上是人类可读
text/plain, text/html, text/css, text/javascript

image
表明是某种图像。不包括视频，但是动态图（比如动态gif）也使用image类型
image/gif, image/png, image/jpeg, image/bmp, image/webp, image/x-icon, image/vnd.microsoft.icon

audio
表明是某种音频文件
audio/midi, audio/mpeg, audio/webm, audio/ogg, audio/wav

video
表明是某种视频文件
video/webm, video/ogg

application
表明是某种二进制数据

application/octet-stream, application/pkcs12, application/vnd.mspowerpoint, application/xhtml+xml, application/xml,  application/pdf

MIME 对照表
媒体类型文件扩展名说明application/msworddoc微软 Office Word 格式（Microsoft Word 97 - 2004 document）application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentdocx微软 Office Word 文档格式application/vnd.ms-excelxls微软 Office Excel 格式（Microsoft Excel 97 - 2004 Workbookapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheetxlsx微软 Office Excel 文档格式application/vnd.ms-powerpointppt微软 Office PowerPoint 格式（Microsoft PowerPoint 97 - 2003 演示文稿）application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentationpptx微软 Office PowerPoint 文稿格式application/x-gzipgz, gzipGZ 压缩文件格式application/zipzip, 7zipZIP 压缩文件格式application/rarrarRAR 压缩文件格式application/x-tartar, tgzTAR 压缩文件格式application/pdfpdfPDF 是 Portable Document Format 的简称，即便携式文档格式application/rtfrtfRTF 是指 Rich Text Format，即通常所说的富文本格式image/gifgifGIF 图像格式image/jpegjpg, jpegJPG(JPEG) 图像格式image/jp2jpg2JPG2 图像格式image/pngpngPNG 图像格式image/tifftif, tiffTIF(TIFF) 图像格式image/bmpbmpBMP 图像格式（位图格式）image/svg+xmlsvg, svgzSVG 图像格式image/webpwebpWebP 图像格式image/x-iconicoico 图像格式，通常用于浏览器 Favicon 图标application/kswpswps金山 Office 文字排版文件格式application/ksetet金山 Office 表格文件格式application/ksdpsdps金山 Office 演示文稿格式application/x-photoshoppsdPhotoshop 源文件格式application/x-coreldrawcdrCoreldraw 源文件格式application/x-shockwave-flashswfAdobe Flash 源文件格式text/plaintxt普通文本格式application/x-javascriptjsJavascript 文件类型text/javascriptjs表示 Javascript 脚本文件text/csscss表示 CSS 样式表text/htmlhtm, html, shtmlHTML 文件格式application/xhtml+xmlxht, xhtmlXHTML 文件格式text/xmlxmlXML 文件格式text/x-vcardvcfVCF 文件格式application/x-httpd-phpphp, php3, php4, phtmlPHP 文件格式application/java-archivejarJava 归档文件格式application/vnd.android.package-archiveapkAndroid 平台包文件格式application/octet-streamexeWindows 系统可执行文件格式application/x-x509-user-certcrt, pemPEM 文件格式audio/mpegmp3mpeg 音频格式audio/midimid, midimid 音频格式audio/x-wavwavwav 音频格式audio/x-mpegurlm3um3u 音频格式audio/x-m4am4am4a 音频格式audio/oggoggogg 音频格式audio/x-realaudioraReal Audio 音频格式video/mp4mp4mp4 视频格式video/mpegmpg, mpe, mpegmpeg 视频格式video/quicktimeqt, movQuickTime 视频格式video/x-m4vm4vm4v 视频格式video/x-ms-wmvwmvwmv 视频格式（Windows 操作系统上的一种视频格式）video/x-msvideoaviavi 视频格式video/webmwebmwebm 视频格式video/x-flvflv一种基于 flash 技术的视频格式
按照内容类型排列的 MIME 类型列表

类型/子类型
扩展名

application/envoy
evy

application/fractals
fif

application/futuresplash
spl

application/hta
hta

application/internet-property-stream
acx

application/mac-binhex40
hqx

application/msword
doc

application/msword
dot

application/octet-stream
*

application/octet-stream
bin

application/octet-stream
class

application/octet-stream
dms

application/octet-stream
exe

application/octet-stream
lha

application/octet-stream
lzh

application/oda
oda

application/olescript
axs

application/pdf
pdf

application/pics-rules
prf

application/pkcs10
p10

application/pkix-crl
crl

application/postscript
ai

application/postscript
eps

application/postscript
ps

application/rtf
rtf

application/set-payment-initiation
setpay

application/set-registration-initiation
setreg

application/vnd.ms-excel
xla

application/vnd.ms-excel
xlc

application/vnd.ms-excel
xlm

application/vnd.ms-excel
xls

application/vnd.ms-excel
xlt

application/vnd.ms-excel
xlw

application/vnd.ms-outlook
msg

application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore
sst

application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat
cat

application/vnd.ms-pkistl
stl

application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
pot

application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
pps

application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
ppt

application/vnd.ms-project
mpp

application/vnd.ms-works
wcm

application/vnd.ms-works
wdb

application/vnd.ms-works
wks

application/vnd.ms-works
wps

application/winhlp
hlp

application/x-bcpio
bcpio

application/x-cdf
cdf

application/x-compress
z

application/x-compressed
tgz

application/x-cpio
cpio

application/x-csh
csh

application/x-director
dcr

application/x-director
dir

application/x-director
dxr

application/x-dvi
dvi

application/x-gtar
gtar

application/x-gzip
gz

application/x-hdf
hdf

application/x-internet-signup
ins

application/x-internet-signup
isp

application/x-iphone
iii

application/x-javascript
js

application/x-latex
latex

application/x-msaccess
mdb

application/x-mscardfile
crd

application/x-msclip
clp

application/x-msdownload
dll

application/x-msmediaview
m13

application/x-msmediaview
m14

application/x-msmediaview
mvb

application/x-msmetafile
wmf

application/x-msmoney
mny

application/x-mspublisher
pub

application/x-msschedule
scd

application/x-msterminal
trm

application/x-mswrite
wri

application/x-netcdf
cdf

application/x-netcdf
nc

application/x-perfmon
pma

application/x-perfmon
pmc

application/x-perfmon
pml

application/x-perfmon
pmr

application/x-perfmon
pmw

application/x-pkcs12
p12

application/x-pkcs12
pfx

application/x-pkcs7-certificates
p7b

application/x-pkcs7-certificates
spc

application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp
p7r

application/x-pkcs7-mime
p7c

application/x-pkcs7-mime
p7m

application/x-pkcs7-signature
p7s

application/x-sh
sh

application/x-shar
shar

application/x-shockwave-flash
swf

application/x-stuffit
sit

application/x-sv4cpio
sv4cpio

application/x-sv4crc
sv4crc

application/x-tar
tar

application/x-tcl
tcl

application/x-tex
tex

application/x-texinfo
texi

application/x-texinfo
texinfo

application/x-troff
roff

application/x-troff
t

application/x-troff
tr

application/x-troff-man
man

application/x-troff-me
me

application/x-troff-ms
ms

application/x-ustar
ustar

application/x-wais-source
src

application/x-x509-ca-cert
cer

application/x-x509-ca-cert
crt

application/x-x509-ca-cert
der

application/ynd.ms-pkipko
pko

application/zip
zip

audio/basic
au

audio/basic
snd

audio/mid
mid

audio/mid
rmi

audio/mpeg
mp3

audio/x-aiff
aif

audio/x-aiff
aifc

audio/x-aiff
aiff

audio/x-mpegurl
m3u

audio/x-pn-realaudio
ra

audio/x-pn-realaudio
ram

audio/x-wav
wav

image/bmp
bmp

image/cis-cod
cod

image/gif
gif

image/ief
ief

image/jpeg
jpe

image/jpeg
jpeg

image/jpeg
jpg

image/pipeg
jfif

image/svg+xml
svg

image/tiff
tif

image/tiff
tiff

image/x-cmu-raster
ras

image/x-cmx
cmx

image/x-icon
ico

image/x-portable-anymap
pnm

image/x-portable-bitmap
pbm

image/x-portable-graymap
pgm

image/x-portable-pixmap
ppm

image/x-rgb
rgb

image/x-xbitmap
xbm

image/x-xpixmap
xpm

image/x-xwindowdump
xwd

message/rfc822
mht

message/rfc822
mhtml

message/rfc822
nws

text/css
css

text/h323
323

text/html
htm

text/html
html

text/html
stm

text/iuls
uls

text/plain
bas

text/plain
c

text/plain
h

text/plain
txt

text/richtext
rtx

text/scriptlet
sct

text/tab-separated-values
tsv

text/webviewhtml
htt

text/x-component
htc

text/x-setext
etx

text/x-vcard
vcf

video/mpeg
mp2

video/mpeg
mpa

video/mpeg
mpe

video/mpeg
mpeg

video/mpeg
mpg

video/mpeg
mpv2

video/quicktime
mov

video/quicktime
qt

video/x-la-asf
lsf

video/x-la-asf
lsx

video/x-ms-asf
asf

video/x-ms-asf
asr

video/x-ms-asf
asx

video/x-msvideo
avi

video/x-sgi-movie
movie

x-world/x-vrml
flr

x-world/x-vrml
vrml

x-world/x-vrml
wrl

x-world/x-vrml
wrz

x-world/x-vrml
xaf

x-world/x-vrml
xof

按照文件扩展名排列的 MIME 类型列表

扩展名
类型/子类型

 
application/octet-stream

323
text/h323

acx
application/internet-property-stream

ai
application/postscript

aif
audio/x-aiff

aifc
audio/x-aiff

aiff
audio/x-aiff

asf
video/x-ms-asf

asr
video/x-ms-asf

asx
video/x-ms-asf

au
audio/basic

avi
video/x-msvideo

axs
application/olescript

bas
text/plain

bcpio
application/x-bcpio

bin
application/octet-stream

bmp
image/bmp

c
text/plain

cat
application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat

cdf
application/x-cdf

cer
application/x-x509-ca-cert

class
application/octet-stream

clp
application/x-msclip

cmx
image/x-cmx

cod
image/cis-cod

cpio
application/x-cpio

crd
application/x-mscardfile

crl
application/pkix-crl

crt
application/x-x509-ca-cert

csh
application/x-csh

css
text/css

dcr
application/x-director

der
application/x-x509-ca-cert

dir
application/x-director

dll
application/x-msdownload

dms
application/octet-stream

doc
application/msword

dot
application/msword

dvi
application/x-dvi

dxr
application/x-director

eps
application/postscript

etx
text/x-setext

evy
application/envoy

exe
application/octet-stream

fif
application/fractals

flr
x-world/x-vrml

gif
image/gif

gtar
application/x-gtar

gz
application/x-gzip

h
text/plain

hdf
application/x-hdf

hlp
application/winhlp

hqx
application/mac-binhex40

hta
application/hta

htc
text/x-component

htm
text/html

html
text/html

htt
text/webviewhtml

ico
image/x-icon

ief
image/ief

iii
application/x-iphone

ins
application/x-internet-signup

isp
application/x-internet-signup

jfif
image/pipeg

jpe
image/jpeg

jpeg
image/jpeg

jpg
image/jpeg

js
application/x-javascript

latex
application/x-latex

lha
application/octet-stream

lsf
video/x-la-asf

lsx
video/x-la-asf

lzh
application/octet-stream

m13
application/x-msmediaview

m14
application/x-msmediaview

m3u
audio/x-mpegurl

man
application/x-troff-man

mdb
application/x-msaccess

me
application/x-troff-me

mht
message/rfc822

mhtml
message/rfc822

mid
audio/mid

mny
application/x-msmoney

mov
video/quicktime

movie
video/x-sgi-movie

mp2
video/mpeg

mp3
audio/mpeg

mpa
video/mpeg

mpe
video/mpeg

mpeg
video/mpeg

mpg
video/mpeg

mpp
application/vnd.ms-project

mpv2
video/mpeg

ms
application/x-troff-ms

mvb
application/x-msmediaview

nws
message/rfc822

oda
application/oda

p10
application/pkcs10

p12
application/x-pkcs12

p7b
application/x-pkcs7-certificates

p7c
application/x-pkcs7-mime

p7m
application/x-pkcs7-mime

p7r
application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp

p7s
application/x-pkcs7-signature

pbm
image/x-portable-bitmap

pdf
application/pdf

pfx
application/x-pkcs12

pgm
image/x-portable-graymap

pko
application/ynd.ms-pkipko

pma
application/x-perfmon

pmc
application/x-perfmon

pml
application/x-perfmon

pmr
application/x-perfmon

pmw
application/x-perfmon

pnm
image/x-portable-anymap

pot,
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint

ppm
image/x-portable-pixmap

pps
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint

ppt
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint

prf
application/pics-rules

ps
application/postscript

pub
application/x-mspublisher

qt
video/quicktime

ra
audio/x-pn-realaudio

ram
audio/x-pn-realaudio

ras
image/x-cmu-raster

rgb
image/x-rgb

rmi
audio/mid

roff
application/x-troff

rtf
application/rtf

rtx
text/richtext

scd
application/x-msschedule

sct
text/scriptlet

setpay
application/set-payment-initiation

setreg
application/set-registration-initiation

sh
application/x-sh

shar
application/x-shar

sit
application/x-stuffit

snd
audio/basic

spc
application/x-pkcs7-certificates

spl
application/futuresplash

src
application/x-wais-source

sst
application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore

stl
application/vnd.ms-pkistl

stm
text/html

svg
image/svg+xml

sv4cpio
application/x-sv4cpio

sv4crc
application/x-sv4crc

swf
application/x-shockwave-flash

t
application/x-troff

tar
application/x-tar

tcl
application/x-tcl

tex
application/x-tex

texi
application/x-texinfo

texinfo
application/x-texinfo

tgz
application/x-compressed

tif
image/tiff

tiff
image/tiff

tr
application/x-troff

trm
application/x-msterminal

tsv
text/tab-separated-values

txt
text/plain

uls
text/iuls

ustar
application/x-ustar

vcf
text/x-vcard

vrml
x-world/x-vrml

wav
audio/x-wav

wcm
application/vnd.ms-works

wdb
application/vnd.ms-works

wks
application/vnd.ms-works

wmf
application/x-msmetafile

wps
application/vnd.ms-works

wri
application/x-mswrite

wrl
x-world/x-vrml

wrz
x-world/x-vrml

xaf
x-world/x-vrml

xbm
image/x-xbitmap

xla
application/vnd.ms-excel

xlc
application/vnd.ms-excel

xlm
application/vnd.ms-excel

xls
application/vnd.ms-excel

xlt
application/vnd.ms-excel

xlw
application/vnd.ms-excel

xof
x-world/x-vrml

xpm
image/x-xpixmap

xwd
image/x-xwindowdump

z
application/x-compress

zip
application/zip